Work is performed on an object when an applied force causes displacement along the same vector. Measured in joules (J) or newton-meter (Nm), work is calculated by multiplying force times displacement:  \(W = \vec{F}\vec{d}\)

A vibrating object produces a sound wave that travels outwardly from the object through a medium (any liquid or solid matter). The vibration disturbs the particles in the surrounding medium, those particles disturb the particules next to them, and so on, as the sound propagates away from the vibration.

Primary consumers (herbivores) subsist on producers like plants and fungus.  Examples are grasshoppers, cows, and plankton.

Capillaries are small thin-walled vessels that permit the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste between blood and the body's cells. This process of exchange is called diffusion.

Vitamin D helps calcium strengthen bones while also aiding muscle, nerve, and immune system function.