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Sample Practice Test Questions
Which of the following statements about a parallelogram is not true?
opposite sides and adjacent angles are equal
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two sets of parallel sides. Opposite sides (a = c, b = d) and angles (red = red, blue = blue) are equal. The area of a parallelogram is base x height and the perimeter is the sum of the lengths of all sides (a + b + c + d).
If the force applied at the blue arrow over 5 ft. moves the green box 2.5 ft., what is the mechanical advantage of this lever?
Mechanical advantage (MA) can be calculated knowing only the distance the effort (blue arrow) moves and the distance the resistance (green box) moves. The equation is:
MA = \( \frac{E_d}{R_d} \)
where Ed is the effort distance and Rd is the resistance distance. For this problem, the equation becomes:
MA = \( \frac{5 ft.}{2.5 ft.} \) = 2
You might be wondering how having an effort distance of 2 times the resistance distance is an advantage. Remember the principle of moments. For a lever in equilibrium the effort torque equals the resistance torque. Because torque is force x distance, if the effort distance is 2 times the resistance distance, the effort force must be \( \frac{1}{2} \) the resistance force. You're trading moving 2 times the distance for only having to use \( \frac{1}{2} \) the force.
Another name for a reciprocating engine is a(n):
piston engine
A reciprocating engine is an engine whose crankshaft is turned by pistons moving up and down in a cylinder.
If a 25 lbs. weight is placed 3 ft. from the fulcrum at the blue arrow and the green box is 6 ft. from the fulcrum, how much would the green box have to weigh to balance the lever?
To balance this lever the torques on each side of the fulcrum must be equal. Torque is weight x distance from the fulcrum so the equation for equilibrium is:
Rada = Rbdb
where a represents the left side of the fulcrum and b the right, R is resistance (weight) and d is the distance from the fulcrum.Solving for Ra, our missing value, and plugging in our variables yields:
Ra = \( \frac{R_bd_b}{d_a} \) = \( \frac{25 lbs. \times 3 ft.}{6 ft.} \) = \( \frac{75 ft⋅lb}{6 ft.} \) = 12.5 lbs.
Which of these is important for the body's maintenance, growth, and repair?
protein
Found in both animal sources (meat, fish, eggs, cheese) and vegetables (beans, nuts, some grains), proteins are important for the body's maintenance, growth, and repair.
Convert 0C° to F°.
32
To convert from C° to F° use:
\(F° = {9 \over 5}C° + 32\)
\(F° = {9 \over 5}(0) + 32\)
\(F° = 0 + 32 = 32\)
What type of load is sudden and for a relatively short duration?
impact load
A concentrated load acts on a relatively small area of a structure, a static uniformly distributed load doesn't create specific stress points or vary with time, a dynamic load varies with time or affects a structure that experiences a high degree of movement, an impact load is sudden and for a relatively short duration and a non-uniformly distributed load creates different stresses at different locations on a structure.
A a seesaw / teeter-totter is an example of which of the following?
first-class lever
A first-class lever is used to increase force or distance while changing the direction of the force. The lever pivots on a fulcrum and, when a force is applied to the lever at one side of the fulcrum, the other end moves in the opposite direction. The position of the fulcrum also defines the mechanical advantage of the lever. If the fulcrum is closer to the force being applied, the load can be moved a greater distance at the expense of requiring a greater input force. If the fulcrum is closer to the load, less force is required but the force must be applied over a longer distance. An example of a first-class lever is a seesaw / teeter-totter.