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Automotive Information

Another name for a reciprocating engine is a(n):

piston engine

A reciprocating engine is an engine whose crankshaft is turned by pistons moving up and down in a cylinder.

Arithmetic Reasoning

Convert x^-3 to remove the negative exponent.

\( \frac{1}{x^3} \)

To convert a negative exponent to a positive exponent, calculate the positive exponent then take the reciprocal.

Electronics Information

In household electrical wiring, which color of insulation indicates the 'hot' wire?

black

In the NM cable used for wiring homes, each cable has three wires inside a sheath with each wire covered in a different color of insulation to indicate its type. The wire with the black insulation is the 'hot' wire, white is the neutral wire, and the ground wire is either covered in green insulation or left bare.

Electronics Information

You would measure the amount of voltage between two points in a circuit with a(n):

voltmeter

Voltage (V) is the electrical potential difference between two points. A voltmeter is used to measure the voltage between two points in a circuit.

Arithmetic Reasoning

If \( \left|x + 9\right| \) - 3 = 7, which of these is a possible value for x?

-19

First, solve for \( \left|x + 9\right| \):

The value inside the absolute value brackets can be either positive or negative so (x + 9) must equal + 10 or -10 for \( \left|x + 9\right| \) to equal 10:

x + 9 = 10
x = 10 - 9
x = 1

x + 9 = -10
x = -10 - 9
x = -19

So, x = -19 or x = 1.

General Science

Cirrus clouds generally occur in what kind of weather?

fair

Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy high-altitude clouds composed of ice crystals that originate from the freezing of supercooled water droplets. Cirrus clouds generally occur in fair weather and point in the direction of air movement at their elevation.

Electronics Information

General current flow in a transistor is from __________ to __________.

collector, emitter

The transistor is the foundation of modern electronic devices. It is made entirely from semiconductor material (making it a solid state device) and can serve many different functions in a circuit including acting as a switch, amplifier, or current regulator. A transistor works by allowing a small amount of current applied at the base to control general current flow from collector to emitter through the transistor.

Mechanical Comprehension

What is the power output of a 9 hp engine that's 85% efficient?

4207.5 \( \frac{ft⋅lb}{s} \)

\( Efficiency = \frac{Power_{out}}{Power_{in}} \times 100 \)
Solving for power out: \( P_{o} = \frac{E \times P_{i}}{100} \)
Knowing that 1 hp = 550 \( \frac{ft⋅lb}{s} \), P_i becomes 9 hp x 550 \( \frac{ft⋅lb}{s} \) = 4950 \( \frac{ft⋅lb}{s} \)
\( P_{o} = \frac{E \times P_{i}}{100} = \frac{85 \times 4950 \frac{ft⋅lb}{s}}{100} \) \( = \frac{420750 \frac{ft⋅lb}{s}}{100} \) = 4207.5 \( \frac{ft⋅lb}{s} \)

Word Knowledge

Clarence, an irrepressible comic, was held after cass for his buffoonery.

jocularity

Foolish behavior.

Shop Information

Which of the following determines whether a socket can be used with a particular ratchet?

the drive size

A ratchet (or socket wrench) is a wrench that applies torque in only one direction with a handle that can be moved back and forth without losing contact with the fastener. A ratchet uses variable attachments called sockets which come in a variety of drive sizes based on the size of the opening that attaches to the ratchet. Sockets with the same drive size will vary in the shape (six-point, twelve-point) and size of the nut opening that attaches to the fastener being tightened or loosened. Smaller point sized sockets are stronger and can apply greater torque while larger point sizes allow easier alignment.