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Sample Practice Test Questions
The total water usage for a city is 50,000 gallons each day. Of that total, 32% is for personal use and 59% is for industrial use. How many more gallons of water each day is consumed for industrial use over personal use?
59% of the water consumption is industrial use and 32% is personal use so (59% - 32%) = 27% more water is used for industrial purposes. 50,000 gallons are consumed daily so industry consumes \( \frac{27}{100} \) x 50,000 gallons = 13,500 gallons.
The green box weighs 10 lbs. and a 35 lbs. weight is placed 3 ft. from the fulcrum at the blue arrow. How far from the fulcrum would the green box need to be placed to balance the lever?
To balance this lever the torques on each side of the fulcrum must be equal. Torque is weight x distance from the fulcrum so the equation for equilibrium is:
Rada = Rbdb
where a represents the left side of the fulcrum and b the right, R is resistance (weight) and d is the distance from the fulcrum.Solving for da, our missing value, and plugging in our variables yields:
da = \( \frac{R_bd_b}{R_a} \) = \( \frac{35 lbs. \times 3 ft.}{10 lbs.} \) = \( \frac{105 ft⋅lb}{10 lbs.} \) = 10.5 ft.
Why is an insulator a poor conductor of electricity?
an insulator has few free electrons
Insulators have valence shells that are more than half full of electrons and, as such, are tightly bound to the nucleus and difficult to move from one atom to another.
What is the distance in miles of a trip that takes 1 hour at an average speed of 50 miles per hour?
Average speed in miles per hour is the number of miles traveled divided by the number of hours:
speed = \( \frac{\text{distance}}{\text{time}} \)Solving for distance:
distance = \( \text{speed} \times \text{time} \)
distance = \( 50mph \times 1h \)
50 miles
A = 5 ft., the green box weighs 50 lbs., and the blue box weighs 80 lbs. What does distance B need to be for this lever to balance?
fAdA = fBdB
For this problem, the equation becomes:
50 lbs. x 5 ft. = 80 lbs. x dB
dB = \( \frac{50 \times 5 ft⋅lb}{80 lbs.} \) = \( \frac{250 ft⋅lb}{80 lbs.} \) = 3.13 ft.
Which of the following is the formula for hydraulic pressure?
P = F/A
Hydraulics is the transmission of force through the use of liquids. Liquids are especially suited for transferring force in complex machines because they compress very little and can occupy very small spaces. Hydraulic pressure is calculated by dividing force by the area over which it is applied: P = F/A where F is force in pounds, A is area in square inches, and the resulting pressure is in pounds per square inch (psi).
If the area of this square is 16, what is the length of one of the diagonals?
To find the diagonal we need to know the length of one of the square's sides. We know the area and the area of a square is the length of one side squared:
a = s2
so the length of one side of the square is:
s = \( \sqrt{a} \) = \( \sqrt{16} \) = 4
The Pythagorean theorem defines the square of the hypotenuse (diagonal) of a triangle with a right angle as the sum of the squares of the other two sides:
c2 = a2 + b2
c2 = 42 + 42
c2 = 32
c = \( \sqrt{32} \) = \( \sqrt{16 x 2} \) = \( \sqrt{16} \) \( \sqrt{2} \)
c = 4\( \sqrt{2} \)