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Sample Practice Test Questions

General Science

A large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat is:

a biome

A biome is a large naturally occurring community of flora (plants) and fauna (animals) occupying a major habitat (home or environment).

General Science

Which of Earth's layers has weather?

troposphere

The Earth's atmosphere has several layers starting with the troposphere which is closest in proximity to the surface. Containing most of the Earth's breathable air (oxygen and nitrogen), it's a region with warmer temperatures closer to the surface and cooler temperatures farther away which results in the rising and falling air that generates weather.

Mechanical Comprehension
0.88 If the green box is 8 ft. from the fulcrum and a certain force applied 7 ft. from the fulcrum at the blue arrow balances the lever, what is the mechanical advantage?
0.88

Because this lever is in equilibrium, we know that the effort force at the blue arrow is equal to the resistance weight of the green box. For a lever that's in equilibrium, one method of calculating mechanical advantage (MA) is to divide the length of the effort arm (Ea) by the length of the resistance arm (Ra):

MA = \( \frac{E_a}{R_a} \) = \( \frac{7 ft.}{8 ft.} \) = 0.88

When a lever is in equilibrium, the torque from the effort and the resistance are equal. The equation for equilibrium is Rada = Rbdb where a and b are the two points at which effort/resistance is being applied to the lever.

In this problem, Ra and Rb are such that the lever is in equilibrium meaning that some multiple of the weight of the green box is being applied at the blue arrow. For a lever, this multiple is a function of the ratio of the distances of the box and the arrow from the fulcrum. That's why, for a lever in equilibrium, only the distances from the fulcrum are necessary to calculate mechanical advantage.

If the lever were not in equilibrium, you would first have to calculate the forces and distances necessary to put it in equilibrium and then divide Ea by Ra to get the mechanical advantage.

General Science

Which of these is a type of Earth's crust?

oceanic

The crust is the Earth's outermost layer and is divided into oceanic and continental types. Oceanic crust is 3 miles (5 km) to 6 miles (10 km) thick and is composed primarily of denser rock. Continental crust is 20 to 30 miles (30 to 50 km) thick and composed primarily of less dense rock. The crust makes up approximately one percent of the Earth's total volume.

Mechanical Comprehension
2.5 lbs. If the green box weighs 20 lbs. and is 1 ft. from the fulcrum, how much weight would need to be placed at the blue arrow to balance the lever if the arrow's distance from the fulcrum is 8 ft.?
2.5 lbs.

To balance this lever the torques on each side of the fulcrum must be equal. Torque is weight x distance from the fulcrum so the equation for equilibrium is:

Rada = Rbdb

where a represents the left side of the fulcrum and b the right, R is resistance (weight) and d is the distance from the fulcrum.

Solving for Rb, our missing value, and plugging in our variables yields:

Rb = \( \frac{R_ad_a}{d_b} \) = \( \frac{20 lbs. \times 1 ft.}{8 ft.} \) = \( \frac{20 ft⋅lb}{8 ft.} \) = 2.5 lbs.

Electronics Information

In metals, increasing the temperature typically _____________ conductivity.

decreases

All conductors have resistance and the amount of resistance varies with the element. Metals exhibit increased resistance (and, therefore, lower conductivity) as their temperature increases.

Word Knowledge
Heinous most nearly means:
odious
Shockingly evil.
Automotive Information

Engine oil viscosity is rated using the format XW-XX with the number preceding the W indicating viscosity at __________ ℉ and the XX indicating viscosity at __________ ℃.

0, 100

The primary component of the lubrication system is engine oil. Engines require oil blends with different thickness (viscosity) and additives depending on their operating conditions. Viscosity is rated using the format XW-XX with the number preceding the W (winter) rating the oil’s viscosity at 0 ℉ (-17.8 ℃) and the XX indicating viscosity at 100 ℃.

General Science

Generally, an atom has __________ negative electrons orbiting the nucleus as it does positive protons inside.

equal numbers of

An electron is a subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom. It carries a negative electric charge. Generally, an atom has the same number of negative electrons orbiting the nucleus as it does positive protons inside.

Word Knowledge
The drab winter scene made Keisha long for the vibrant colors of spring.
dreary
Dull, monotonous.