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Sample Practice Test Questions
The stoichiometric ratio is approximately:
14.7:1
The stoichiometric ratio defines the proper ratio of air to fuel necessary so that an engine burns all fuel with no excess air. For gasoline fuel, the stoichiometric ratio is about 14.7:1 or for every one gram of fuel, 14.7 grams of air are required. Too much air results in a lean air-fuel mixture that burns more slowly and hotter while too much fuel results in a rich mixture that burns quicker and cooler.
Which of the following is not a vector quantity?
mass
Velocity and displacement are vector quantities which means each is fully described by both a magnitude and a direction. In contrast, scalar quantities are quantities that are fully described by a magnitude only. A variable indicating a vector quantity will often be shown with an arrow symbol: \(\vec{v}\)
The __________ nervous system controls voluntary actions.
somatic
Part of the peripheral nervous system, the somatic nervous system is made up of nerve fibers that send sensory information to the central nervous system and control voluntary actions.
__________ is caused by a lack of iron in the diet.
anemia
Anemia, which may cause weakness, dizziness, and headaches is caused by a lack of iron in the diet.
A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It carries no electric charge. This desribes which of the following?
neutron
A neutron is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It is neutral as it carries no electric charge.
Saturated fats can __________ LDL ("bad") cholesterol while unsaturated fats can __________ it.
raise, decrease
Saturated fats can raise LDL ("bad") cholesterol while unsaturated fats can decrease it.
Power brakes multiply the force a driver applies to the brake pedal using a __________ connected to the engine intake manifold.
vacuum booster
Power brakes multiply the force a driver applies to the brake pedal using a vacuum booster connected to the engine intake manifold. This provides for much higher hydraulic pressure in the braking system than could be generated by the driver alone. Antilock brakes (ABS) use speed sensors and adjust the brake pressure at each wheel to prevent skidding and allow the driver more steering control in slippery conditions.
The __________ splits engine power between the front and rear axles of four-wheel drive vehicles.
transfer case
The transfer case splits engine power between the front and rear axles of four-wheel drive vehicles.
If the green box is 8 ft. from the fulcrum and a certain force applied 7 ft. from the fulcrum at the blue arrow balances the lever, what is the mechanical advantage?
Because this lever is in equilibrium, we know that the effort force at the blue arrow is equal to the resistance weight of the green box. For a lever that's in equilibrium, one method of calculating mechanical advantage (MA) is to divide the length of the effort arm (Ea) by the length of the resistance arm (Ra):
MA = \( \frac{E_a}{R_a} \) = \( \frac{7 ft.}{8 ft.} \) = 0.88
When a lever is in equilibrium, the torque from the effort and the resistance are equal. The equation for equilibrium is Rada = Rbdb where a and b are the two points at which effort/resistance is being applied to the lever.
In this problem, Ra and Rb are such that the lever is in equilibrium meaning that some multiple of the weight of the green box is being applied at the blue arrow. For a lever, this multiple is a function of the ratio of the distances of the box and the arrow from the fulcrum. That's why, for a lever in equilibrium, only the distances from the fulcrum are necessary to calculate mechanical advantage.
If the lever were not in equilibrium, you would first have to calculate the forces and distances necessary to put it in equilibrium and then divide Ea by Ra to get the mechanical advantage.