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Sample Practice Test Questions
What defines the mechanical advantage of a first class lever?
position of the fulcrum
A first-class lever is used to increase force or distance while changing the direction of the force. The lever pivots on a fulcrum and, when a force is applied to the lever at one side of the fulcrum, the other end moves in the opposite direction. The position of the fulcrum also defines the mechanical advantage of the lever. If the fulcrum is closer to the force being applied, the load can be moved a greater distance at the expense of requiring a greater input force. If the fulcrum is closer to the load, less force is required but the force must be applied over a longer distance. An example of a first-class lever is a seesaw / teeter-totter.
The formula for the area of a circle is which of the following?
a = π r2
The circumference of a circle is the distance around its perimeter and equals π (approx. 3.14159) x diameter: c = π d. The area of a circle is π x (radius)2 : a = π r2.
Which of the following regulates the flow of coolant through the radiator?
thermostat
The thermostat controls coolant (and, through it, engine) temperature by regulating the flow of coolant through the radiator. A bypass tube allows coolant to bypass the radiator and flow back into the water pump when its temperature is low enough that the thermostat is closed.
Changes to an object's speed or direction of motion are caused by which of the following?
a force
Force is applied to change an object's speed or direction of motion.
This property states taht the order of addition or multiplication does not mater. For example, 2 + 5 and 5 + 2 are equivalent.
commutative
The commutative property states that, when adding or multiplying numbers, the order in which they're added or multiplied does not matter. For example, 3 + 4 and 4 + 3 give the same result, as do 3 x 4 and 4 x 3.
If the radius of the axle is 5 and the radius of the wheel is 8, what is the mechanical advantage of this wheel and axle configuration?
The mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle is the input radius divided by the output radius:
MA = \( \frac{r_i}{r_o} \)
In this case, the input radius (where the effort force is being applied) is 5 and the output radius (where the resistance is being applied) is 8 for a mechanical advantage of \( \frac{5}{8} \) = 0.63
If side a = 8, side b = 4, what is the length of the hypotenuse of this right triangle?
According to the Pythagorean theorem, the hypotenuse squared is equal to the sum of the two perpendicular sides squared:
c2 = a2 + b2
c2 = 82 + 42
c2 = 64 + 16
c2 = 80
c = \( \sqrt{80} \)
A circular logo is enlarged to fit the lid of a jar. The new diameter is 40% larger than the original. By what percentage has the area of the logo increased?
The area of a circle is given by the formula A = πr2 where r is the radius of the circle. The radius of a circle is its diameter divided by two so A = π(\( \frac{d}{2} \))2. If the diameter of the logo increases by 40% the radius (and, consequently, the total area) increases by \( \frac{40\text{%}}{2} \) = 20%