The battery supplies the power necessary to start the engine when the ignition switch is is turned on.

A connecting rod employs a wrist pin to link each piston to the engine's crankshaft.

Modern car engines are cooled by liquid which circulates through the engine block and cylinder heads absorbing excess heat. This liquid is made up of half water and half antifreeze (commonly, ethylene glycol) which both keeps the water from freezing at low temperatures and raises its boiling point making heat transfer more efficient.

The water pump is driven by a belt connected to the crankshaft and ensures that coolant moves through the engine and radiator.

The wheel hub is the mounting point for the wheel and tire assembly. The wheel hub can rotate while being held stable by the steering knuckle which applies the motion of the control arms to the wheels.