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Sample Practice Test Questions
What's the last gear in a gear train called?
driven gear
A gear train is two or more gears linked together. Gear trains are designed to increase or reduce the speed or torque outpout of a rotating system or change the direction of its output. The first gear in the chain is called the driver and the last gear in the chain the driven gear with the gears between them called idler gears.
If the area of this square is 16, what is the length of one of the diagonals?
To find the diagonal we need to know the length of one of the square's sides. We know the area and the area of a square is the length of one side squared:
a = s2
so the length of one side of the square is:
s = \( \sqrt{a} \) = \( \sqrt{16} \) = 4
The Pythagorean theorem defines the square of the hypotenuse (diagonal) of a triangle with a right angle as the sum of the squares of the other two sides:
c2 = a2 + b2
c2 = 42 + 42
c2 = 32
c = \( \sqrt{32} \) = \( \sqrt{16 x 2} \) = \( \sqrt{16} \) \( \sqrt{2} \)
c = 4\( \sqrt{2} \)
Which of the following substances gives up positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water?
acid
An acid is a substance that gives up positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. A base (alkaline) gives up negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. pH is a scale that measures of how basic or acidic a solution is. Numbered from 0 to 14, solutions with a pH of 7 are neutral, less than 7 are acidic, more than 7 are alkaline.
If the green box weighs 25 lbs. and 75 lbs. of force is applied 5 ft. from the fulcrum at the blue arrow, how far from the fulcrum would the green box need to be placed to balance the lever?
To balance this lever the torques at the green box and the blue arrow must be equal. Torque is weight x distance from the fulcrum so the equation for equilibrium is:
Rada = Rbdb
where a represents the green box and b the blue arrow, R is resistance (weight/force) and d is the distance from the fulcrum.Solving for da, our missing value, and plugging in our variables yields:
da = \( \frac{R_bd_b}{R_a} \) = \( \frac{75 lbs. \times 5 ft.}{25 lbs.} \) = \( \frac{375 ft⋅lb}{25 lbs.} \) = 15 ft.
What is work?
The movement of an object by a force
Work is accomplished when force is applied to an object: W = Fd where F is force in newtons (N) and d is distance in meters (m). Thus, the more force that must be applied to move an object, the more work is done and the farther an object is moved by exerting force, the more work is done. By definition, work is the displacement of an object resulting from applied force.
A transformer utilizes an inductor to increase or decrease what in a circuit?
voltage
A transformer utilizes an inductor to increase or decrease the voltage in a circuit. AC flowing in a coil wrapped around an iron core magnetizes the core causing it to produce a magnetic field. This magnetic field generates a voltage in a nearby coil of wire and, depending on the number of turns in the wire of the primary (source) and secondary coils and their proximity, voltage is induced in the secondary coil.
Which class of lever is used to increase force on an object in the same direction as the force is applied?
second
A second-class lever is used to increase force on an object in the same direction as the force is applied. This lever requires a smaller force to lift a larger load but the force must be applied over a greater distance. The fulcrum is placed at one end of the lever and mechanical advantage increases as the object being lifted is moved closer to the fulcrum or the length of the lever is increased. An example of a second-class lever is a wheelbarrow.