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Shop Information

This tool is a(n) __________.

chisel

A chisel has a long sharp edge and is used, often in conjunction with a hammer, for cutting. In woodworking, chisels are used to remove large sections of wood to create the initial shape of a design. In metalworking, chisels are used to remove waste metal when a smooth finish is not required.

Mechanical Comprehension

What's the first gear in a gear train called?

driver gear

A gear train is two or more gears linked together. Gear trains are designed to increase or reduce the speed or torque outpout of a rotating system or change the direction of its output. The first gear in the chain is called the driver and the last gear in the chain the driven gear with the gears between them called idler gears.

Word Knowledge

Civility most nearly means:

courtesy

Politeness.

General Science

The process of diffusion allows __________ to exchange oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste between blood and the body's cells.

capillaries

Capillaries are small thin-walled vessels that permit the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste between blood and the body's cells. This process of exchange is called diffusion.

Mechanical Comprehension

What's the mechanical advantage of a wedge that's 3 inches wide and 12 inches long?

The mechanical advantage (MA) of a wedge is its length divided by its thickness:

MA = \( \frac{l}{t} \) = \( \frac{12 in.}{3 in.} \) = 4

General Science

pH is a scale that measures of how basic or acidic a solution is. A solution with a pH of 4 is:

acidic

An acid is a substance that gives up positively charged hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. A base (alkaline) gives up negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH^-) when dissolved in water. pH is a scale that measures of how basic or acidic a solution is. Numbered from 0 to 14, solutions with a pH of 7 are neutral, less than 7 are acidic, more than 7 are alkaline.

General Science

In the heart, blood flows from the right __________ to the lungs then back to the heart via the left __________.

ventricle, atrium

The two largest veins in the body, the venae cavae, pass blood to the right ventricle which pumps the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. Blood picks up oxygen in the lungs and returns it to the left atrium via the pulmonary vein.

Math Knowledge

Solve for x:
x² - 5x - 6 = 0

-1 or 6

The first step to solve a quadratic equation that's set to zero is to factor the quadratic equation:

x² - 5x - 6 = 0
(x + 1)(x - 6) = 0

For this expression to be true, the left side of the expression must equal zero. Therefore, either (x + 1) or (x - 6) must equal zero:

If (x + 1) = 0, x must equal -1
If (x - 6) = 0, x must equal 6

So the solution is that x = -1 or 6

Mechanical Comprehension

If the green box weighs 20 lbs. and is 1 ft. from the fulcrum, how far from the fulcrum would a 70 lbs. force need to be applied to balance the lever?

0.29 ft.

To balance this lever the torques at the green box and the blue arrow must be equal. Torque is weight x distance from the fulcrum so the equation for equilibrium is:

R_ad_a = R_bd_b

where a represents the green box and b the blue arrow, R is resistance (weight/force) and d is the distance from the fulcrum.

Solving for d_b, our missing value, and plugging in our variables yields:

d_b = \( \frac{R_ad_a}{R_b} \) = \( \frac{20 lbs. \times 1 ft.}{70 lbs.} \) = \( \frac{20 ft⋅lb}{70 lbs.} \) = 0.29 ft.

Automotive Information

What is the large casing that contains the cylinders and many of the internal components of the engine?

engine block

The engine (or cylinder) block is the large casing that contains the cylinders and many of the internal components of the engine.