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General Science

The crust and upper mantle of the earth is called the:

lithosphere

The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships. This includes their interactions with the lithosphere (the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle), hydrosphere (all surface water), and atmosphere (the envelope of gases surrounding the planet).

Mechanical Comprehension

Drag is a type of:

friction

Drag is friction that opposes movement through a fluid like liquid or air. The amount of drag depends on the shape and speed of the object with slower objects experiencing less drag than faster objects and more aerodynamic objects experiencing less drag than those with a large leading surface area.

Automotive Information

Which of the following is the correct order for the engine stroke cycle?

intake, compression, power, exhaust

The stroke cycle order is intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, exhaust stroke.

Electronics Information

This circuit component symbol represents a(n):

AC source

In contrast to the constant one-way flow of direct current, alternating current changes direction many times each second. Electricity is delivered from power stations to customers as AC because it provides a more efficient way to transport electricity over long distances.

General Science

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Sun?

formed 2.6 billion years ago

The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star (G2V) but is informally known as a yellow dwarf star. Composed of 73% hydrogen and 25% helium, the hot plasma that makes up the Sun reaches 9,900°F (5,505°C) at the surface. It formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago and makes up 99.86% of the mass in the solar system.

Word Knowledge

Ramble most nearly means:

roam

To wander, physically or in language.

Arithmetic Reasoning

23 members of a bridal party need transported to a wedding reception but there are only 4 5-passenger taxis available to take them. How many will need to find other transportation?

There are 4 5-passenger taxis available so that's 4 x 5 = 20 total seats. There are 23 people needing transportation leaving 23 - 20 = 3 who will have to find other transportation.

Word Knowledge

Incisive most nearly means:

keen

Impressively direct and decisive.

Shop Information

You need to secure two pieces of wood together while the glue between the dries. Which of the following tools is most appropriate?

clamp

A clamp applies pressure to prevent two objects from moving relative to each other, for example, to keep to pieces of wood together while the glue between the dries. A clamp is commonly made of metal and shaped like the letter C with a perpendicular flat-edged plate providing variable pressure between it and the top of the C as a screw to which it is attached is tightened and released.

Mechanical Comprehension

If the force applied at the blue arrow over 5 ft. moves the green box 2.5 ft., what is the mechanical advantage of this lever?

Mechanical advantage (MA) can be calculated knowing only the distance the effort (blue arrow) moves and the distance the resistance (green box) moves. The equation is:

MA = \( \frac{E_d}{R_d} \)

where E_d is the effort distance and R_d is the resistance distance. For this problem, the equation becomes:

MA = \( \frac{5 ft.}{2.5 ft.} \) = 2

You might be wondering how having an effort distance of 2 times the resistance distance is an advantage. Remember the principle of moments. For a lever in equilibrium the effort torque equals the resistance torque. Because torque is force x distance, if the effort distance is 2 times the resistance distance, the effort force must be \( \frac{1}{2} \) the resistance force. You're trading moving 2 times the distance for only having to use \( \frac{1}{2} \) the force.