A rational number (or fraction) is represented as a ratio between two integers, a and b, and has the form \({a \over b}\) where a is the numerator and b is the denominator. An improper fraction (\({5 \over 3} \)) has a numerator with a greater absolute value than the denominator and can be converted into a mixed number (\(1 {2 \over 3} \)) which has a whole number part and a fractional part.

To add these distances, they must share the same unit so first you need to first convert the swim distance from meters (m) to kilometers (km) before adding it to the bike and run distances which are already in km. To convert 300 meters to kilometers, divide the distance by 1000 to get 0.3km then add the remaining distances:

total distance = swim + bike + run
total distance = 0.3km + 40.9km + 5.0km
total distance = 46.2km

Monica scored 87% on the test meaning she earned 87% of the possible points on the test. There were 240 possible points on the test so she earned 240 x 0.87 = 208 points. Each question is worth 4 points so she got \( \frac{208}{4} \) = 52 questions right.

The first few multiples of 6 are [6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60] and the first few multiples of 14 are [14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98]. The first few multiples they share are [42, 84] making 42 the smallest multiple 6 and 14 have in common.

To simplify this fraction, first find the greatest common factor between them. The factors of 28 are [1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28] and the factors of 56 are [1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56]. They share 6 factors [1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28] making 28 their greatest common factor (GCF).

Next, divide both numerator and denominator by the GCF:

\( \frac{28}{56} \) = \( \frac{\frac{28}{28}}{\frac{56}{28}} \) = \( \frac{1}{2} \)