The commutative property states that, when adding or multiplying numbers, the order in which they're added or multiplied does not matter. For example, 3 + 4 and 4 + 3 give the same result, as do 3 x 4 and 4 x 3.

If 40% of the town's 43,000 voters cast ballots the number of votes cast is:

(\( \frac{40}{100} \)) x 43,000 = \( \frac{1,720,000}{100} \) = 17,200

The mayor got 81% of the votes cast which is:

(\( \frac{81}{100} \)) x 17,200 = \( \frac{1,393,200}{100} \) = 13,932 votes.

The equation for this sequence is:

a_n = a_n-1 + 7

where n is the term's order in the sequence, a_n is the value of the term, and a_n-1 is the value of the term before a_n. This makes the next number:

a₆ = a₅ + 7
a₆ = 29 + 7
a₆ = 36

A ratio of 4:1 means that there are 4 home fans for every one visiting fan. So, of every 5 fans, 4 are home fans and \( \frac{4}{5} \) of every fan in the stadium is a home fan:

50,000 fans x \( \frac{4}{5} \) = \( \frac{200000}{5} \) = 40,000 fans.

In order to find how many additional workers are needed to staff the extra crews you first need to calculate how many workers are on a crew. There are 12 workers at the company now and that's enough to staff 4 crews so there are \( \frac{12}{4} \) = 3 workers on a crew. 8 crews are needed for the busy season which, at 3 workers per crew, means that the roofing company will need 8 x 3 = 24 total workers to staff the crews during the busy season. The company already employs 12 workers so they need to add 24 - 12 = 12 new staff for the busy season.