In order to find how many additional workers are needed to staff the extra crews you first need to calculate how many workers are on a crew. There are 4 workers at the company now and that's enough to staff 2 crews so there are \( \frac{4}{2} \) = 2 workers on a crew. 4 crews are needed for the busy season which, at 2 workers per crew, means that the roofing company will need 4 x 2 = 8 total workers to staff the crews during the busy season. The company already employs 4 workers so they need to add 8 - 4 = 4 new staff for the busy season.

The equation for this sequence is:

a_n = a_n-1 + 3(n - 1)

where n is the term's order in the sequence, a_n is the value of the term, and a_n-1 is the value of the term before a_n. This makes the next number:

a₆ = a₅ + 3(6 - 1)
a₆ = 31 + 3(5)
a₆ = 46

To raise a term with an exponent to another exponent, retain the base and multiply the exponents:

Use PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multipy/Divide, Add/Subtract):

5 + (5 + 5) ÷ 4 x 4 - 2²
P: 5 + (10) ÷ 4 x 4 - 2²
E: 5 + 10 ÷ 4 x 4 - 4
MD: 5 + \( \frac{10}{4} \) x 4 - 4
MD: 5 + \( \frac{40}{4} \) - 4
AS: \( \frac{20}{4} \) + \( \frac{40}{4} \) - 4
AS: \( \frac{60}{4} \) - 4
AS: \( \frac{60 - 16}{4} \)
\( \frac{44}{4} \)
11

To divide fractions, invert the second fraction and then multiply:

\( \frac{3}{5} \) ÷ \( \frac{2}{8} \) = \( \frac{3}{5} \) x \( \frac{8}{2} \)

To multiply fractions, multiply the numerators together and then multiply the denominators together:

\( \frac{3}{5} \) x \( \frac{8}{2} \) = \( \frac{3 x 8}{5 x 2} \) = \( \frac{24}{10} \) = 2\(\frac{2}{5}\)