To subtract these fractions, first find the lowest common multiple of their denominators. The first few multiples of 8 are [8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80] and the first few multiples of 16 are [16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96]. The first few multiples they share are [16, 32, 48, 64, 80] making 16 the smallest multiple 8 and 16 share.

Next, convert the fractions so each denominator equals the lowest common multiple:

\( \frac{2 x 2}{8 x 2} \) - \( \frac{5 x 1}{16 x 1} \)

\( \frac{4}{16} \) - \( \frac{5}{16} \)

Now, because the fractions share a common denominator, you can subtract them:

\( \frac{4 - 5}{16} \) = \( \frac{-1}{16} \) = -\(\frac{1}{16}\)

To multiply fractions, multiply the numerators together and then multiply the denominators together:

\( \frac{4}{6} \) x \( \frac{2}{7} \) = \( \frac{4 x 2}{6 x 7} \) = \( \frac{8}{42} \) = \(\frac{4}{21}\)

By buying two shirts, Damon will save $41 x \( \frac{5}{100} \) = \( \frac{$41 x 5}{100} \) = \( \frac{$205}{100} \) = $2.05 on the second shirt.

The first few multiples of 4 are [4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40] and the first few multiples of 6 are [6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60]. The first few multiples they share are [12, 24, 36, 48, 60] making 12 the smallest multiple 4 and 6 have in common.

A rational number (or fraction) is represented as a ratio between two integers, a and b, and has the form \({a \over b}\) where a is the numerator and b is the denominator. An improper fraction (\({5 \over 3} \)) has a numerator with a greater absolute value than the denominator and can be converted into a mixed number (\(1 {2 \over 3} \)) which has a whole number part and a fractional part.