A rational number (or fraction) is represented as a ratio between two integers, a and b, and has the form \({a \over b}\) where a is the numerator and b is the denominator. An improper fraction (\({5 \over 3} \)) has a numerator with a greater absolute value than the denominator and can be converted into a mixed number (\(1 {2 \over 3} \)) which has a whole number part and a fractional part.

Calculate the number of vans needed by dividing the number of people that need transported by the capacity of one van:

vans = \( \frac{78}{16} \) = 4\(\frac{7}{8}\)

So, it will take 4 full vans and one partially full van to transport the entire team making a total of 5 vans.

A number in scientific notation has the format 0.000 x 10^exponent. To convert to scientific notation, move the decimal point to the right or the left until the number is a decimal between 1 and 10. The exponent of the 10 is the number of places you moved the decimal point and is positive if you moved the decimal point to the left and negative if you moved it to the right:

6,988,000 in scientific notation is 6.988 x 10⁶

To find the average of these 4 numbers add them together then divide by 4:

\( \frac{16 + 8 + 13 + 11}{4} \) = \( \frac{48}{4} \) = 12

To fill a 10 gallon tank exactly halfway you'll need 5 gallons of fuel. Each fuel can holds 1 gallons so:

cans = \( \frac{5 \text{ gallons}}{1 \text{ gallons}} \) = 5