A prime number is an integer greater than 1 that has no factors other than 1 and itself. Examples of prime numbers include 2, 3, 5, 7, and 11.

To simplify a radical, factor out the perfect squares:

\( \sqrt{20} \)
\( \sqrt{4 \times 5} \)
\( \sqrt{2^2 \times 5} \)
2\( \sqrt{5} \)

A rational number (or fraction) is represented as a ratio between two integers, a and b, and has the form \({a \over b}\) where a is the numerator and b is the denominator. An improper fraction (\({5 \over 3} \)) has a numerator with a greater absolute value than the denominator and can be converted into a mixed number (\(1 {2 \over 3} \)) which has a whole number part and a fractional part.

To add these distances, they must share the same unit so first you need to first convert the swim distance from meters (m) to kilometers (km) before adding it to the bike and run distances which are already in km. To convert 100 meters to kilometers, divide the distance by 1000 to get 0.1km then add the remaining distances:

total distance = swim + bike + run
total distance = 0.1km + 40.2km + 11.2km
total distance = 51.5km

To find the average of these 4 numbers add them together then divide by 4:

\( \frac{16 + 12 + 17 + 11}{4} \) = \( \frac{56}{4} \) = 14