A rational number (or fraction) is represented as a ratio between two integers, a and b, and has the form \({a \over b}\) where a is the numerator and b is the denominator. An improper fraction (\({5 \over 3} \)) has a numerator with a greater absolute value than the denominator and can be converted into a mixed number (\(1 {2 \over 3} \)) which has a whole number part and a fractional part.

To take the square root of a fraction, break the fraction into two separate roots then calculate the square root of the numerator and denominator separately:

\( \sqrt{\frac{64}{4}} \)
\( \frac{\sqrt{64}}{\sqrt{4}} \)
\( \frac{\sqrt{8^2}}{\sqrt{2^2}} \)
\( \frac{8}{2} \)
4

By buying two shirts, Bob will save $38 x \( \frac{40}{100} \) = \( \frac{$38 x 40}{100} \) = \( \frac{$1520}{100} \) = $15.20 on the second shirt.

So, his total cost will be
$38.00 + ($38.00 - $15.20)
$38.00 + $22.80
$60.80

A factor is a positive integer that divides evenly into a given number. For example, the factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, and 8.

The equation for this sequence is:

a_n = a_n-1 + 2

where n is the term's order in the sequence, a_n is the value of the term, and a_n-1 is the value of the term before a_n. This makes the next number:

a₆ = a₅ + 2
a₆ = 9 + 2
a₆ = 11