A factor is a positive integer that divides evenly into a given number. For example, the factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, and 8.

In order to find how many additional workers are needed to staff the extra crews you first need to calculate how many workers are on a crew. There are 4 workers at the company now and that's enough to staff 2 crews so there are \( \frac{4}{2} \) = 2 workers on a crew. 4 crews are needed for the busy season which, at 2 workers per crew, means that the roofing company will need 4 x 2 = 8 total workers to staff the crews during the busy season. The company already employs 4 workers so they need to add 8 - 4 = 4 new staff for the busy season.

To add these fractions, first find the lowest common multiple of their denominators. The first few multiples of 8 are [8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80] and the first few multiples of 16 are [16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96]. The first few multiples they share are [16, 32, 48, 64, 80] making 16 the smallest multiple 8 and 16 share.

Next, convert the fractions so each denominator equals the lowest common multiple:

\( \frac{8 x 2}{8 x 2} \) + \( \frac{3 x 1}{16 x 1} \)

\( \frac{16}{16} \) + \( \frac{3}{16} \)

Now, because the fractions share a common denominator, you can add them:

\( \frac{16 + 3}{16} \) = \( \frac{19}{16} \) = 1\(\frac{3}{16}\)

Average speed in miles per hour is the number of miles traveled divided by the number of hours:

Solving for distance:

distance = \( \text{speed} \times \text{time} \)
distance = \( 40mph \times 3h \)
120 miles

You have 22 out of the total of 450 raffle tickets sold so you have a (\( \frac{22}{450} \)) x 100 = \( \frac{22 \times 100}{450} \) = \( \frac{2200}{450} \) = 5% chance to win the raffle.