The combustion chamber is located in the cylinder head and contains the combustion of the air-fuel mixture. This mixture is delivered by an intake valve and the waste gases from combustion are removed from the combustion chamber by the exhaust valve.

The stroke cycle order is intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, exhaust stroke.

Preignition results from the buildup of fuel deposits and/or oil in the combustion chamber. These deposits increase chamber pressure and reduce heat tranfer to the coolant. The trapped heat then raises the temperature of the air-fuel mix to the point that it combusts before ignition.

Sensors provide the data necessary for the vehicle's computer to make decisions and monitor everything from simple vehicle information like tire pressure to complexities like the chemical content of an engine's exhaust.

The lighting system consists of interior lights, instrument panel lighting, headlights, and taillights. Like household electrical circuits, the vehicle's lighting system is protected from current spikes by fuses and circuit breakers.