A v-arrangement has two rows of cylinders in a V-shaped block with a crankshaft at the bottom of the V. Any even number of cylinders is possible in this configuration from the V-2 that's commonly used in motorcycles up to V-12 or bigger for large trucks. The V design produces a shorter engine than an in-line cylinder configuration and allows for better air-fuel distribution.

The radiator is responsible for tranferring heat from the coolant to the outside air. Radiator hoses transfer coolant to and from the engine to the radiator and a radiator cap maintains pressure in the cooling system to increase the boiling point of the coolant mixture and thus allow it to absorb more heat.

The muffler follows the catalytic converter and absorbs sound to help quiet load exhaust. It is followed by the exhaust pipe which is the final exit point for exhaust gas from the vehicle.

The crankshaft converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotational motion that's used to power the vehicle and its components.

The water pump is driven by a belt connected to the crankshaft and ensures that coolant moves through the engine and radiator.