Actuators receive signals from the powertrain control module and carry out adjustments needed based on the data the PCM received from the sensors.

The crankshaft converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotational motion that's used to power the vehicle and its components.

The master (brake) cylinder converts pressure on the brake pedal to hydraulic pressure in the brake lines.

The oil pump is driven by the camshaft and is responsible for pumping oil through the oil galleries (passages) that run throughout the engine. It also contains the oil filter and a pressure relief valve which prevents excessive pressure from building up in the lubrication system.

A water jacket is a coolant-filled casing that allows heat transfer from the engine block and cylinder heads to the liquid coolant.