Semiconductors have valence shells that are exacly half full and can conduct electricity under some conditions but not others. This property makes them useful for the control of electrical current.

Semiconductors have valence shells that are exacly half full and can conduct electricity under some conditions but not others. This property makes them useful for the control of electrical current.

Connecting the 10 batteries in series multiplies their voltage while keeping their current the same yielding a 120V 10A configuration. Connecting the 10 batteries in parallel multiplies their current while keeping their voltage the same yieleding a 12V 100A configuration. Using a series-parallel connection, 5 batteries can be connected in series and 5 can be connected in parallel resulting in a 60V 50A configuration.

Connecting the 8 batteries in series multiplies their voltage while keeping their current the same yielding a 96V 5A configuration. Connecting the 8 batteries in parallel multiplies their current while keeping their voltage the same yieleding a 12V 40A configuration. Using a series-parallel connection, 4 batteries can be connected in series and 4 can be connected in parallel resulting in a 48V 20A configuration.

In a parallel circuit, each load occupies a separate parallel path in the circuit and the input voltage is fully applied to each path. Unlike a series circuit where current (I) is the same at all points in the circuit, in a parallel circuit, voltage (V) is the same across each parallel branch of the circuit but current differs in each branch depending on the load (resistance) present.