A photovoltaic cell (also known as a solar cell) converts energy from the sun into electrical energy.

Connecting the 8 batteries in series multiplies their voltage while keeping their current the same yielding a 48V 20A configuration. Connecting the 8 batteries in parallel multiplies their current while keeping their voltage the same yieleding a 6V 160A configuration. Using a series-parallel connection, 4 batteries can be connected in series and 4 can be connected in parallel resulting in a 24V 80A configuration.

Like fuses, circuit breakers stop current flow once it reaches a certain amount. They have the advantage of being reusable (fuses must be replaced when "blown") but respond more slowly to current surges and are more expensive than fuses.

Resistance is opposition to the flow of current and is measured in ohms (Ω). One ohm is defined as the amount of resistance that will allow one ampere of current to flow if one volt of voltage is applied. As resistance increases, current decreases as resistance and current are inversely proportional.

An electrical circuit is a path through which electricity flows. This path contains one or more components that create a load (something that is using electricity) and that load acts as resistance to the passage of electricity through the circuit. Electricity can only flow through a circuit when the path is closed and cannot flow through an open circuit.