Resistance is opposition to the flow of current and is measured in ohms (Ω). One ohm is defined as the amount of resistance that will allow one ampere of current to flow if one volt of voltage is applied. As resistance increases, current decreases as resistance and current are inversely proportional.

Voltage (V) is the electrical potential difference between two points. Electrons will flow as current from areas of high potential (concentration of electrons) to areas of low potential. Voltage and current are directly proportional in that the higher the voltage applied to a conductor the higher the current that will result.

Semiconductors have valence shells that are exacly half full and can conduct electricity under some conditions but not others. This property makes them useful for the control of electrical current.

Connecting the 10 batteries in series multiplies their voltage while keeping their current the same yielding a 150V 10A configuration. Connecting the 10 batteries in parallel multiplies their current while keeping their voltage the same yieleding a 15V 100A configuration. Using a series-parallel connection, 5 batteries can be connected in series and 5 can be connected in parallel resulting in a 75V 50A configuration.

The purpose of a capacitor is to retain electric charge and it will do so even after its input voltage is removed. After the input voltage is removed, the capacitor will slowly discharge but, depending on the size and characteristics of the capacitor, discharging could take from a few minutes to a few years. So, it's never safe to touch a capacitor with your hands and you should make sure to discharge any capacitors in a circuit before working on it using an appropriately high-wattage resistor or a capacitor discharge tool.