Most households use electricity with a voltage of 110V.

Electricity is delivered from power stations to customers as AC because it provides a more efficient way to transport electricity over long distances. Most households use electricity with a frequency of 60Hz.

Voltage (V) is the electrical potential difference between two points. A voltmeter is used to measure the voltage between two points in a circuit.

A diode allows current to pass easily in one direction and blocks current in the other direction. Diodes are commonly used for rectification which is the conversion of alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). Because a diode only allows current flow in one direction, it will pass either the upper or lower half of AC waves (half-wave rectification) creating pulsating DC. Multiple diodes can be connected together to utilize both halves of the AC signal in full-wave rectification.

The larger the number the smaller the diameter of the wire. So, the diameter of a number 12 wire is less than the diameter of a number 6 wire.