Direct current flows in only one direction in a circuit, from the negative terminal of the voltage source to the positive. A common source of direct current (DC) is a battery. The three most common types of batteries are dry cell (used in small devices like TV remotes), wet cell (used for cars), and deep-cycle (storage batteries used primarily for backup and emergency power).

The purpose of a capacitor is to retain electric charge and it will do so even after its input voltage is removed. After the input voltage is removed, the capacitor will slowly discharge but, depending on the size and characteristics of the capacitor, discharging could take from a few minutes to a few years. So, it's never safe to touch a capacitor with your hands and you should make sure to discharge any capacitors in a circuit before working on it using an appropriately high-wattage resistor or a capacitor discharge tool.

All conductors have resistance and the amount of resistance varies with the element. In general, metals make the best conductors of electricity and non-metals make the worst conductors of electricity.

Insulators have valence shells that are more than half full of electrons and, as such, are tightly bound to the nucleus and difficult to move from one atom to another.

Direct current flows in only one direction in a circuit, from the negative terminal of the voltage source to the positive. A common source of direct current (DC) is a battery.