## General Science Flash Card Set 806074

 Cards 10 Topics Acceleration, Doppler Effect, Fahrenheit Scale, Fronts, Genetic Type, Large Intestine, Power, Prefixes, Refraction, Third Law of Motion

#### Study Guide

###### Acceleration

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity per unit of time. In physics, the delta symbol ($$\Delta$$) represents change so the formula for acceleration becomes $$\vec{a} = { \Delta \vec{v} \over t }$$

###### Doppler Effect

The Doppler effect occurs when the source or listener (or both) of sound waves is moving. If they're moving closer together, the listener perceives the sound with a higher pitch and, when they're moving apart, the listener perceives the sound with a lower pitch.

###### Fahrenheit Scale

More familiar in the United States is the Fahrenheit scale in which the freezing point of water is 32°F (0°C) and the boiling point is 212°F (100°C). To convert from C° to F° use the formula:

$$F° = {9 \over 5}C° + 32$$

and to convert from F° to C° use:

$$C° = {5 \over 9} (F° - 32)$$

###### Fronts

An air mass is a large body of air that has similar moisture (density) and temperature characteristics. A front is a transition zone between two air masses.

###### Genetic Type

A person's genotype is their genetic makeup and includes both dominant and recessive alleles. Phenotype is how the genes express themselves in physical characteristics.

###### Large Intestine

The large intestine (colon) follows the small intestine and processes the physical waste produced by digestion, absorbing water and minerials that remain back into the body. Solid waste is then stored in the rectum while liquid waste is stored in the bladder.

###### Power

Power is the rate at which work is performed or work per unit time: $$P = {w \over t}$$ and is measured in watts (W).

###### Prefixes

A prefix is added to the base units of the metric system to indicate variations in size. Each prefix specifies a value relative to the base unit in a multiple of 10. Common prefixes are:

Prefix Symbol Relative Value Example
mega M 106 (1,000,000) Mm
kilo k 103 (1,000) km
base unit N/A 1 m
centi c 10-2 (1/100) cm
milli m 10-3 (1/1,000) mm
###### Refraction

Because different materials have different refractive indices, light changes speed when passing from one material to another. This causes the light to bend (refraction) at an angle that depends on the change in refractive index between the materials. The greater the difference, the higher the angle of refraction.

###### Third Law of Motion

Newton's third law of motion states that For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When an object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts a force of equal magnitude in the opposite direction on the first object.