The Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old and its history is divided into time periods based on the events that took place and the forms of life that were dominant during those periods. The largest graduation of time is the eon and each eon is subdivided into eras, eras into periods, periods into epochs, and epochs into ages.

Newton's second law of motion states that The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. This law basically means that the greater the mass of an object, the more force is needed to overcome its inertia.

The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell contains the genetic material of the cell and is surrounded by cytoplasm which contains many organelles. Ribosomes produce proteins, endoplasmic reticulum helps synthesize proteins and fats, and Golgi apparatus prepares proteins for use.

The formula to convert from F° to C° is:

\(C° = {5 \over 9} (F° - 32)\)

plugging in our values gives:

\(C° = {5 \over 9} (-40 - 32)\)

\(C° = {5 \over 9} (-72) = {{-72 \times 5} \over 9}\)

\(C° = {-360 \over 9}\)

\(C° = -40\)

Scurvy is a difficiency disease caused by a lack of Vitamin C in the diet.