Part of the brainstem, the medulla is the connection between the brain and the spinal cord. It controls involuntary actions like breathing, swallowing, and heartbeat.

The aorta is the body's largest artery and receives blood from the pulmonary vein via the left ventricle. From there, blood is circulated through the rest of the body through smaller arteries called arterioles that branch out from the heart. Finally, blood is delivered to bodily tissues through capillaries.

A proton is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It carries a positive electric charge.

Primary consumers (herbivores) subsist on producers like plants and fungus.  Examples are grasshoppers, cows, and plankton.

The acids produced by the pancreas contain several enzymes that aid in digestion.  Lipase converts fat to glycerol and fatty acids. Pancreatic amylase breaks down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars. Trypsin converts polypeptides (the building blocks of protein) into amino acids.