The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships. This includes their interactions with the lithosphere (the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle), hydrosphere (all surface water), and atmosphere (the envelope of gases surrounding the planet).
The crust and upper mantle of the earth is called the:
lithosphere |
|
geosphere |
|
atmosphere |
|
hydrosphere |