Force is applied to change an object's speed or direction of motion.

Tides are caused by the gravitational interaction of Earth and the Moon.

A substance undergoes a phase transition when it moves from one state of matter to another, for example, when water freezes or boils.

Newton's third law of motion states that For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When an object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts a force of equal magnitude in the opposite direction on the first object.

The Earth's atmosphere has several layers starting with the troposphere which is closest in proximity to the surface. Containing most of the Earth's breathable air (oxygen and nitrogen), it's a region with warmer temperatures closer to the surface and cooler temperatures farther away which results in the rising and falling air that generates weather.