A cube is a rectangular solid box with a height (h), length (l), and width (w). The volume is h x l x w and the surface area is 2lw x 2wh + 2lh.

A circle is a figure in which each point around its perimeter is an equal distance from the center. The radius of a circle is the distance between the center and any point along its perimeter. A chord is a line segment that connects any two points along its perimeter. The diameter of a circle is the length of a chord that passes through the center of the circle and equals twice the circle's radius (2r).

The surface area of a cylinder is 2πr² + 2πrh:

sa = 2πr² + 2πrh
sa = 2π(9²) + 2π(9 x 5)
sa = 2π(81) + 2π(45)
sa = (2 x 81)π + (2 x 45)π
sa = 162π + 90π
sa = 252π

To multiply binomials, use the FOIL method. FOIL stands for First, Outside, Inside, Last and refers to the position of each term in the parentheses:

(y - 9)(y - 8)
(y x y) + (y x -8) + (-9 x y) + (-9 x -8)
y² - 8y - 9y + 72
y² - 17y + 72

The coordinate grid is composed of a horizontal x-axis and a vertical y-axis. The center of the grid, where the x-axis and y-axis meet, is called the origin.