According to the Pythagorean theorem, the hypotenuse squared is equal to the sum of the two perpendicular sides squared:

c² = a² + b²
c² = 2² + 3²
c² = 4 + 9
c² = 13
c = \( \sqrt{13} \)

A circle is a figure in which each point around its perimeter is an equal distance from the center. The radius of a circle is the distance between the center and any point along its perimeter. A chord is a line segment that connects any two points along its perimeter. The diameter of a circle is the length of a chord that passes through the center of the circle and equals twice the circle's radius (2r).

An acute angle measures less than 90°, a right angle measures 90°, and an obtuse angle measures more than 90°.

Parallel lines are lines that share the same slope (steepness) and therefore never intersect. A transversal occurs when a set of parallel lines are crossed by another line. All of the angles formed by a transversal are called interior angles and angles in the same position on different parallel lines equal each other (a° = w°, b° = x°, c° = z°, d° = y°) and are called corresponding angles. Alternate interior angles are equal (a° = z°, b° = y°, c° = w°, d° = x°) and all acute angles (a° = c° = w° = z°) and all obtuse angles (b° = d° = x° = y°) equal each other. Same-side interior angles are supplementary and add up to 180° (e.g. a° + d° = 180°, d° + c° = 180°).

The area of a triangle is equal to ½ base x height:

a = ½bh
a = ½ x 5 x 5 = \( \frac{25}{2} \) = 12\(\frac{1}{2}\)