A rectangle is a parallelogram containing four right angles. Opposite sides (a = c, b = d) are equal and the perimeter is the sum of the lengths of all sides (a + b + c + d) or, comonly, 2 x length x width. The area of a rectangle is length x width. A square is a rectangle with four equal length sides. The perimeter of a square is 4 x length of one side (4s) and the area is the length of one side squared (s²).

The volume of a cube is height x length x width:

v = h x l x w
v = 8 x 9 x 9
v = 648

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two sets of parallel sides. Opposite sides (a = c, b = d) and angles (red = red, blue = blue) are equal. The area of a parallelogram is base x height and the perimeter is the sum of the lengths of all sides (a + b + c + d).

To multiply binomials, use the FOIL method. FOIL stands for First, Outside, Inside, Last and refers to the position of each term in the parentheses:

(y - 9)(y - 6)
(y x y) + (y x -6) + (-9 x y) + (-9 x -6)
y² - 6y - 9y + 54
y² - 15y + 54

To factor a quadratic expression, apply the FOIL (First, Outside, Inside, Last) method in reverse.