The coordinate grid is composed of a horizontal x-axis and a vertical y-axis. The center of the grid, where the x-axis and y-axis meet, is called the origin.

A triangle is a three-sided polygon. It has three interior angles that add up to 180° (a + b + c = 180°). An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two interior angles that are opposite (d = b + c). The perimeter of a triangle is equal to the sum of the lengths of its three sides, the height of a triangle is equal to the length from the base to the opposite vertex (angle) and the area equals one-half triangle base x height: a = ½ base x height.

The volume of a cube is height x length x width:

v = h x l x w
v = 4 x 6 x 5
v = 120

To multiply binomials, use the FOIL method. FOIL stands for First, Outside, Inside, Last and refers to the position of each term in the parentheses:

(y + 9)(y - 6)
(y x y) + (y x -6) + (9 x y) + (9 x -6)
y² - 6y + 9y - 54
y² + 3y - 54

The formula for circumference is circle diameter x π:

c = πd
c = 3π