The coordinate grid is composed of a horizontal x-axis and a vertical y-axis. The center of the grid, where the x-axis and y-axis meet, is called the origin.

The perimeter of a triangle is the sum of the lengths of its sides:

p = x + y + z
p = 12cm + 7cm + 12cm = 31cm

The first step to solve a quadratic expression that's not set to zero is to solve the equation so that it is set to zero:

b² + b - 54 = b - 5
b² + b - 54 + 5 = b
b² + b - b - 49 = 0
b² - 49 = 0

Next, factor the quadratic equation:

b² - 49 = 0
(b - 7)(b + 7) = 0

For this expression to be true, the left side of the expression must equal zero. Therefore, either (b - 7) or (b + 7) must equal zero:

If (b - 7) = 0, b must equal 7
If (b + 7) = 0, b must equal -7

So the solution is that b = 7 or -7

The area of a trapezoid is one-half the sum of the lengths of the parallel sides multiplied by the height:

a = ½(b + d)(h)
a = ½(3 + 7)(3)
a = ½(10)(3)
a = ½(30) = \( \frac{30}{2} \)
a = 15

The volume of a cube is height x length x width:

v = h x l x w
v = 5 x 4 x 1
v = 20