An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two interior angles that are opposite:

d° = b° + c°

To find angle c, remember that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°:

180° = a° + b° + c°
c° = 180° - a° - b°
c° = 180° - 69° - 31° = 80°

So, d° = 31° + 80° = 111°

A shortcut to get this answer is to remember that angles around a line add up to 180°:

a° + d° = 180°
d° = 180° - a°
d° = 180° - 69° = 111°

According to the Pythagorean theorem, the hypotenuse squared is equal to the sum of the two perpendicular sides squared:

c² = a² + b²
c² = 4² + 7²
c² = 16 + 49
c² = 65
c = \( \sqrt{65} \)

Parallel lines are lines that share the same slope (steepness) and therefore never intersect. A transversal occurs when a set of parallel lines are crossed by another line. All of the angles formed by a transversal are called interior angles and angles in the same position on different parallel lines equal each other (a° = w°, b° = x°, c° = z°, d° = y°) and are called corresponding angles. Alternate interior angles are equal (a° = z°, b° = y°, c° = w°, d° = x°) and all acute angles (a° = c° = w° = z°) and all obtuse angles (b° = d° = x° = y°) equal each other. Same-side interior angles are supplementary and add up to 180° (e.g. a° + d° = 180°, d° + c° = 180°).

The perimeter of a triangle is the sum of the lengths of its sides:

p = x + y + z
p = 15cm + 7cm + 14cm = 36cm

A line segment is a portion of a line with a measurable length. The midpoint of a line segment is the point exactly halfway between the endpoints. The midpoint bisects (cuts in half) the line segment.