The more mass a substance has the more force is required to move it or to change its direction. This resistance to changes in direction is known as inertia.

Boyle's law states that "for a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional". Expressed as a formula, that's \(\frac{P_1}{P_2} = \frac{V_2}{V_1}\)

The mechanical advantage of a gear train is its gear ratio. The gear ratio (V_r) is the product of the gear ratios between the pairs of meshed gears. Let N represent the number of teeth for each gear:

V_r = \( \frac{N_1}{N_2} \) \( \frac{N_2}{N_3} \) \( \frac{N_3}{N_4} \) ... \( \frac{N_n}{N_{n+1}} \)

In this problem, we have three gears so the equation becomes:

V_r = \( \frac{N_1}{N_2} \) \( \frac{N_2}{N_3} \) = \( \frac{24}{10} \) \( \frac{10}{2} \) = \( \frac{24}{2} \) = 12

The six types of simple machines are the lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, and screw.

Normal force arises on a flat horizontal surface in response to an object's weight pressing it down. Consequently, normal force is generally equal to the object's weight.