Ceramics are mixtures of metallic and nonmetallic elements that withstand exteme thermal, chemical, and pressure environments. They have a high melting point, low corrosive action, and are chemically stable. Examples include rock, sand, clay, glass, brick, and porcelain.

According to Boyle's Law, pressure and volume are inversely proportional:

\( \frac{P_1}{P_2} \) = \( \frac{V_2}{V_1} \)

In this problem, V₂ = 35 ft.³, V₁ = 45 ft.³ and P₁ = 9.0 psi. Solving for P₂:

P₂ = \( \frac{P_1}{\frac{V_2}{V_1}} \) = \( \frac{9.0 psi}{\frac{35 ft.^3}{45 ft.^3}} \) = 11.6 psi

A third class lever is designed to multiply distance and speed at the expense of effort force. Because the effort force is greater than the resistance, the mechanical advantage of a third class lever is always less than one.

An example of a third class lever is a broom. The fulcrum is at your hand on the end of the broom, the effort force is your other hand in the middle, and the resistance is at the bottom bristles. The effort force of your hand in the middle multiplies the distance and speed of the bristles at the bottom but at the expense of producing a brushing force that's less than the force you're applying with your hand.

An inclined plane is a simple machine that reduces the force needed to raise an object to a certain height. Work equals force x distance and, by increasing the distance that the object travels, an inclined plane reduces the force necessary to raise it to a particular height. In this case, the mechanical advantage is to make the task easier. An example of an inclined plane is a ramp.

Drag is friction that opposes movement through a fluid like liquid or air. The amount of drag depends on the shape and speed of the object with slower objects experiencing less drag than faster objects and more aerodynamic objects experiencing less drag than those with a large leading surface area.