| Your Results | Global Average | |
|---|---|---|
| Questions | 5 | 5 |
| Correct | 0 | 2.93 |
| Score | 0% | 59% |
Hydraulics is the transmission of force through the use of which of the following?
liquids |
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torque |
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air pressure |
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gear systems |
Hydraulics is the transmission of force through the use of liquids. Liquids are especially suited for transferring force in complex machines because they compress very little and can occupy very small spaces. Hydraulic pressure is calculated by dividing force by the area over which it is applied: P = F/A where F is force in pounds, A is area in square inches, and the resulting pressure is in pounds per square inch (psi).
Torque involves a perpendicular force applied to a lever arm that moves around a center of rotation. Increasing the length of the lever arm will do which of the following?
increase torque |
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increase applied force |
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decrease applied force |
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decrease torque |
Torque measures force applied during rotation: τ = rF. Torque (τ, the Greek letter tau) = the radius of the lever arm (r) multiplied by the force (F) applied. Radius is measured from the center of rotation or fulcrum to the point at which the perpendicular force is being applied. The resulting unit for torque is newton-meter (N-m) or foot-pound (ft-lb).
Which of the following represents how much two materials resist sliding across each other?
normal friction |
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static friction |
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coefficient of friction |
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kinetic friction |
Coefficient of friction (μ) represents how much two materials resist sliding across each other. Smooth surfaces like ice have low coefficients of friction while rough surfaces like concrete have high μ.
| 6.6 | |
| 9 | |
| 6 | |
| 18 |
Mechanical advantage (MA) can be calculated knowing only the distance the effort (blue arrow) moves and the distance the resistance (green box) moves. The equation is:
MA = \( \frac{E_d}{R_d} \)
where Ed is the effort distance and Rd is the resistance distance. For this problem, the equation becomes:
MA = \( \frac{5 ft.}{0.83 ft.} \) = 6
You might be wondering how having an effort distance of 6 times the resistance distance is an advantage. Remember the principle of moments. For a lever in equilibrium the effort torque equals the resistance torque. Because torque is force x distance, if the effort distance is 6 times the resistance distance, the effort force must be \( \frac{1}{6} \) the resistance force. You're trading moving 6 times the distance for only having to use \( \frac{1}{6} \) the force.
What's the first gear in a gear train called?
driven gear |
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driver gear |
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input gear |
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idler gear |
A gear train is two or more gears linked together. Gear trains are designed to increase or reduce the speed or torque outpout of a rotating system or change the direction of its output. The first gear in the chain is called the driver and the last gear in the chain the driven gear with the gears between them called idler gears.