In mechanics, multiple forces are often acting on a particular object and, taken together, produce the net force acting on that object. Like force, net force is a vector quantity in that it has magnitude and direction.

To balance this lever the torques on each side of the fulcrum must be equal. Torque is weight x distance from the fulcrum so the equation for equilibrium is:

R_ad_a = R_bd_b

Solving for R_a, our missing value, and plugging in our variables yields:

R_a = \( \frac{R_bd_b}{d_a} \) = \( \frac{75 lbs. \times 9 ft.}{4 ft.} \) = \( \frac{675 ft⋅lb}{4 ft.} \) = 168.75 lbs.

The mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle is the input radius divided by the output radius:

MA = \( \frac{r_i}{r_o} \)

In this case, the input radius (where the effort force is being applied) is 10 and the output radius (where the resistance is being applied) is 5 for a mechanical advantage of \( \frac{10}{5} \) = 2.0

Mechanical advantage is a measure of the force amplification achieved by using a tool, mechanical device or machine system. Such a device utilizes input force and trades off forces against movement to amplify and/or change its direction.

Ceramics are mixtures of metallic and nonmetallic elements that withstand exteme thermal, chemical, and pressure environments. They have a high melting point, low corrosive action, and are chemically stable. Examples include rock, sand, clay, glass, brick, and porcelain.